Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.

Causes of ADHD

The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors:

  • Genetics: ADHD tends to run in families, suggesting a genetic link.
  • Brain Structure and Function: Differences in brain anatomy, particularly in areas involved in attention and impulse control.
  • Environmental Factors: Exposure to environmental toxins, alcohol or tobacco use during pregnancy, and premature birth.
  • Neurochemical Imbalances: Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine.

Symptoms of ADHD

ADHD symptoms are generally classified into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

  • Inattention:
    • Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities.
    • Frequent careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities.
    • Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly.
    • Difficulty following through on instructions and completing tasks.
    • Avoidance of tasks requiring sustained mental effort.
    • Frequently losing items necessary for tasks and activities.
    • Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli.
    • Forgetfulness in daily activities.
  • Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:
    • Fidgeting with or tapping hands or feet, or squirming in seat.
    • Leaving seat in situations where remaining seated is expected.
    • Running or climbing in inappropriate situations.
    • Inability to play or engage in leisure activities quietly.
    • Acting as if "driven by a motor".
    • Excessive talking.
    • Blurting out answers before questions have been completed.
    • Difficulty waiting for their turn.
    • Interrupting or intruding on others' conversations or activities.

Positive Actions to Manage ADHD

Managing ADHD often involves a combination of strategies and interventions:

  1. Seek Professional Help: A GP or mental health professional can provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
  2. Medication: Stimulants and non-stimulant medications can help manage symptoms.
  3. Therapy: Behavioural therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), and psychoeducation are effective treatments.
  4. Educational Support: Special education services and accommodations can help children with ADHD succeed in school.
  5. Parent Training: Training programs for parents can provide strategies to manage their child's behaviour.
  6. Lifestyle Changes: Regular physical activity, a healthy diet, and adequate sleep can improve overall functioning.
  7. Organisational Strategies: Using tools such as planners, checklists, and structured routines can help manage time and tasks.

How Zen Counselling Can Help

At Zen Counselling, we understand the challenges that ADHD can present for both individuals and their families. Our experienced counsellors offer personalised support and evidence-based therapies to help you manage ADHD symptoms effectively.

Our services include individual counselling sessions. We also provide guidance on organisational strategies and lifestyle changes to improve daily functioning. At Zen Counselling, we are dedicated to helping you achieve a balanced and fulfilling life despite the challenges of ADHD.